Robert E. Lee and His High Command
Overview
About
01: Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia
Professor Gary W. Gallagher begins by examining the factors that helped make Lee and his army the most important national institution in the Confederacy long before the end of the war.
02: The Making of a Confederate General
Robert E. Lee's early military career affords him a range of experiences and highlights disparate talents that will influence his role as the Confederacy's most famous field commander, even though many would not have predicted success.
03: Lee’s Year of Fabled Victories
Lee's first year in command of the Army of Northern Virginia catapults him to a position of unequaled fame and popularity, cementing a remarkable bond with his soldiers that would endure during the trying times ahead.
04: Lee From Gettysburg to Appomattox
Lee and his army continue to carry the hopes of the Confederacy on their bayonets through the remainder of the war. His surrender to Grant represents the practical end of the war.
05: Was Lee an Old-Fashioned General?
This lecture examines one of the most common portrayals of Lee—as a throwback to an earlier style of warfare, far different from the modern approach attributed to the Union's Ulysses S. Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman.
06: The Making of the Mighty “Stonewall” Jackson
With this lecture, focus shifts to Lee's most famous subordinate, a once-obscure military instructor whose battlefield record won him renown as Lee's "right arm."
07: Stonewall Jackson as Lee’s “Right Arm”
Lee and Jackson form a legendary partnership, with Lee developing strategic plans that often place Jackson in the role of a semi-independent commander.
08: James Longstreet’s Road to Prominence
James Longstreet stands next to Jackson as one of Lee's two premier lieutenants. With the loss of Jackson at the war's midpoint, he stands unchallenged as Lee's most important subordinate and the Confederacy's best corps commander.
09: Longstreet’s Later Confederate Career
The last two years of Longstreet's Confederate career include more negative than positive experiences, though at the time of surrender, none of Lee's senior subordinates stand higher in his estimation.
10: The Rise of Jubal Anderson Early
Experienced as a lawyer rather than a soldier, this West Point graduate's ability to function in a semiautonomous manner impresses Lee and sets him apart from most of his peers in the army.
11: Early’s Path to Defeat
This lecture examines operations in 1864 and 1865, during which Early justifies Lee's confidence in his abilities yet suffers a series of defeats that eventually brings his removal from command.
12: “Jeb” Stuart as Soldier and Showman
The gaudy trappings affected by this superb officer cannot obscure his superior record as a cavalryman whose skills at reconnaissance and screening - the crucial tasks of Civil War cavalry forces are unexcelled on either side.
13: One Promotion Too Many—A. P. Hill
We shift our focus to the first of two famous commanders who never fulfilled their early promise and stand as examples of soldiers promoted beyond their levels of competence.
14: Forced from Center Stage—Richard S. Ewell
Richard Stoddert Ewell's record, like that of A. P. Hill, marks him as one who cannot make the transition from division to corps command.
15: A Straight-Ahead Fighter—John Bell Hood
Though few so personify the type of offensive spirit Lee seeks in his officer corps, John Bell Hood's lack of the administrative and political skills needed for high command make failure the dominant feature of his record.
16: Could Robert E. Lee Make Hard Decisions?
Though both historians and Lee's own contemporaries have accused him of being too much of a gentleman to make hard personnel decisions, the historical record suggests otherwise.
17: The Problem of Attrition
With battlefield attrition among generals sometimes exceeding 25-30 percent in a single campaign, Lee's efforts to replace officers wounded or killed forms a leitmotif throughout the history of his army.
18: Younger Officers I—Robert Emmett Rodes
This is the first of four lectures examining a group of talented junior commanders who climb rapidly to positions of considerable authority and directly control much of the most successful fighting in the army's history.
19: Younger Officers II—Stephen Dodson Ramseur
Stephen Dodson Ramseur shares a number of characteristics with Rodes and other successful young officers, including aggressiveness on the battlefield, conspicuous bravery that inspires his soldiers, and a habit of getting wounded that ultimately costs him his life.
20: Younger Officers III—John Brown Gordon
Though entering Confederate service with no formal military training, John Brown Gordon's record compares favorably to those of all but a handful of the most accomplished Confederate generals in the eastern theater.
21: Younger Officers IV—Edward Porter Alexander
"One of a very few whom General Lee would not give to anybody," this young artillerist's eye for ground, grasp of artillery tactics, and overall brilliance places him in a position to affect the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg.
22: Gifted but Flawed—J. E. Johnston and Beauregard
Though they consider themselves Lee's peers "if not his superiors" as field commanders, the records of Joseph E. Johnston and P. G. T. Beauregard reveal an absence of the key attributes that helped fuel Lee's accomplishments.
23: Drama and Failure—Magruder and Pickett
The careers of both John Bankhead Magruder and George Edward Pickett reveal much about what Lee required in his senior leadership.
24: Before the Bar of History—The Lost Cause
This final lecture critically examines an interpretation of the war that remained influential for many decades afterward and continues to be evident in popular conceptions of the war.