The "Aeneid" of Virgil
Discover how The "Aeneid" of Virgil is an examination of leadership, a study of the conflict between duty and desire, a meditation on the relationship of the individual to society, and a Roman's reflection on the dangers—and the allure—of Hellenistic culture.
Overview
About
01: Introduction
Who was Virgil? Why and how did he write this poem? Why does the "Aeneid" continue to demand—and reward—our attention? What was the Roman attitude in general, and Virgil's in particular, toward the tremendously influential model that Greek culture held out to the Roman world in the age of Augustus?
02: From Aeneas to Romulus
How does the "Aeneid" relate to the mythological background of the Trojan War and the story of Rome's foundation by Romulus? How does Virgil handle the problem of integrating these two strands of legendary material? What are the "Aeneid"'s key literary antecedents, both Greek and Latin?
03: Rome, Augustus, and Virgil
No understanding of the "Aeneid" is complete without considering its historical context. We briefly examine Roman history, especially the crucial events of the late 1st century BCE, than the lecture reviews the political and social reforms made by Augustus and discusses his role as a patron of poets. Finally, we discuss Virgil himself, his method of composition, and the task that he conceived for himself in writing the "Aeneid."
04: The Opening of the Aeneid
The "Aeneid"'s preface stresses its debt to and its difference from Homer. Which crucial concepts and characters are introduced in Book I? How do these opening scenes highlight Virgil's overarching themes, including the "fated" character of Rome, the concepts of "pietas" (duty) and "furor" (passion); and the gap that separates Aeneas the public man from Aeneas the private individual?
05: From Troy to Carthage
In Book II, Aeneas tells of the Fall of Troy. His words are the fullest extant account of this legendary event in all of ancient literature. Next we learn how he escaped the burning city at the head of a band of survivors, and began his voyage west. Virgil continues to both imitate and depart from the Homeric model. We note especially his handling of the gods' role in the Sack of Troy and of the prophecies that Aeneas hears concerning his destiny as the founder of the Roman people.
06: Unhappy Dido
In Book IV, Virgil recounts one of history's most famous love affairs: the ill-fated liaison between Aeneas and Dido, the queen of Carthage. We consider the structure of the book, Virgil's presentation of the two characters involved, and the great (and unresolved) critical question of how we are supposed to interpret Aeneas's actions in this portion of the epic.
07: Funeral Games and a Journey to the Dead
Book V recalls "The Iliad" with its description of the funeral games that Aeneas stages in memory of Anchises. In Book VI, parallels with (and differences from) Odysseus move to the fore as Aeneas embarks on his journey to the land of the dead.
08: Italy and the Future
In Virgil's version of the Underworld, Aeneas encounters the shades of Dido, the Trojan prince Deiphobus, and most importantly, Anchises. The abode of the dead becomes a window on the future as father and son witness a pageant of Roman heroes yet to come. Book VIII reiterates Aeneas's divine mission, and closes with Virgil's description of the mighty shield of Aeneas, forged for him by the god Vulcan.
09: Virgil's Iliad
We examine Books IX and X, the most "Iliadic" section of the "Aeneid," paying close attention to the scenes depicting the deaths of Nisus and Euryalus. Then we consider Turnus's "aristeia" (scene of special valor), which culminates in his slaying of Pallas—a death that in turn inspires Aeneas with "furor." Finally, we consider Aeneas's killing of Lausus and his father Mezentius.
10: The Inevitable Doom of Turnus
We analyze the last two books of the "Aeneid," in which the narrative builds inexorably to the death of Turnus at the hands of Aeneas. Finally, the lecture considers how the characters of the two warrior-maidens, Camilla and Juturna, underline and highlight both the inevitability of Turnus's death and several aspects of his character.
11: The Gods and Fate
What role do the Olympian deities (as opposed to the household gods or Penates) play in the action of the "Aeneid"? What is the role of "fatum" (fate), and how does it relate to the actions of the Olympians? The lecture concludes with a consideration of the character of Juno and her crucial role in the epic.
12: The End of the "Aeneid" and Beyond
The most widely discussed critical question raised by the "Aeneid" asks: How should we interpret the epic's conclusion? Is Aeneas justified in killing Turnus, or should he have been merciful? We review some of the arguments on both sides, and whether the final scene as we have it is how Virgil actually intended his poem to end. We then turn to considering the "Aeneid"'s influence on later Western culture.