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The Rise and Fall of Soviet Communism: A History of 20th-Century Russia

Discover facts and interpretations of Russia's dramatic experience with Soviet Communism.
Ask anything about The Great Courses
 
 
Nicholas II and the Russian Empire

01: Nicholas II and the Russian Empire

This opening lecture includes discussion of the problems facing Russian peasants and workers in the early 1900s. The Bolshevik seizure of power could have succeeded only in a country with a discredited government, ethnic resentments, and social antagonisms.

47 min
The Failure of Constitutional Government

02: The Failure of Constitutional Government

Russia's failed constitutional experiment raises the fundamental question of whether such a government can ever succeed in a large, multinational empire.

45 min
Russia and the First World War

03: Russia and the First World War

This lecture discusses Russia's entrance into the Great War, the military-political crisis of 1915, failure of the Brusilov offensive in 1916, and isolation of the tsar. The lecture also sketches the atmosphere in the imperial capital, Petrograd, just before Nicholas II was overthrown.

45 min
Lenin and the Origins of Bolshevism

04: Lenin and the Origins of Bolshevism

An overview of Lenin's life and revolutionary strategies provides context for a detailed discussion of his contributions to Marxism and the "three roads" to Communism imagined by Russian Marxists.

46 min
Lenin Comes to Power

05: Lenin Comes to Power

This lecture describes the two revolutions of 1917, the installation of a provisional government, and Lenin's successful efforts to undermine it.

46 min
Lenin and the Making of a Bolshevik State

06: Lenin and the Making of a Bolshevik State

The lecture focuses on significant Bolshevik policies between 1917 and 1921: imposition of partocracy, suppression of "bourgeois democracy" attempts to destroy the market system, and resolution of the nationalities problem.

46 min
The Twenties

07: The Twenties

The emergence of Stalin and his eventual victory in power struggles of the 1920s bring an end to Lenin's New Economic Policy and the start of ill-fated attempts to collective agriculture.

46 min
Stalin and the

08: Stalin and the "Second October Revolution"

The first Five-Year Plan and the chaos it wrought in the industrial sector serve as the focus of this fast-paced lecture. Stalin's imposition of an artificial famine that cost millions of lives is also discussed.

46 min
Stalin and the

09: Stalin and the "Great Terror"

Party purges and "show trials" from 1934 to 1938 are examined as key evidence of state terror during the Stalinist period.

48 min
Stalin, Hitler, and the Road to War

10: Stalin, Hitler, and the Road to War

This lecture treats the diplomatic origins of World War II including Stalin's controversial German policy, Hitler's attitude toward the East and toward Bolshevism, and the 1939 Nazi-Soviet pact.

48 min
The USSR at War

11: The USSR at War

The war against Germany was a decisive test of Stalin's statesmanship - and he nearly failed.

46 min
Stalin's Last Years

12: Stalin's Last Years

This lecture analyzes the Soviet Union's painful reconstruction after World War II and behind-the-scenes political maneuvering occasioned by Stalin's death.

46 min
De-Stalinization

13: De-Stalinization

In the three decades after Stalin's death, Communist party leadership hesitantly distances itself from elements of the Stalinist system without ever abandoning the entire edifice that he had built.

46 min
Gorbachev and Perestroika

14: Gorbachev and Perestroika

This lecture concentrates on the limits and internal contradictions of Gorbachev's plans for "perestroika." It also discusses the appearance of party opposition to "perestroika" and how that opposition was overcome.

46 min
The Disintegration of the USSR

15: The Disintegration of the USSR

Re-emerging national independence movements in major Soviet republics, previously hidden social antagonisms, and gradual exposure of the truth about Stalinism doom Gorbachev's plans to failure.

47 min
Rebirth of Russia or the Rebirth of the USSR?

16: Rebirth of Russia or the Rebirth of the USSR?

Russia's prospects remain uncertain for prosperity, democracy, and the rule of law. But reasons for cautious optimism spur additional thought and analysis.

47 min

Overview Course No. 827

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About

Gary Hamburg

We must all appreciate from the outset the duration, complexity, and uniqueness of recorded Russian history.

INSTITUTION

Claremont McKenna College

Dr. Gary Hamburg is Otto M. Behr Professor of European History at Claremont McKenna College. He earned his A.B., A.M., and Ph.D. degrees from Stanford University. Dr. Hamburg received Fulbright grants for advanced research at Leningrad State University (now St. Petersburg University) and at Moscow University. He is the author of Politics of the Russian Nobility 1881-1905 and Boris Chicherin and Early Russian Liberalism, 1828-1866, and he edited and translated several books on modern Russian politics, including two volumes of P. N. Miliukov's history of the 1917 revolution. His articles have examined various issues in Russian social, political, and intellectual history.

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